Early Head Start—Home-based option
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2024
Effects shown in research
Family economic self-sufficiency
Findings rated high
146
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 5 | Home-based program approach | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Parent income (dollars) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 5 | Home-based program approach | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
146
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health insurance coverage for the mother |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
540 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
Received any transportation services |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
457 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = -0.04 | Study reported = -0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
Received disability insurance during the past month |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
458 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
Received SNAP during the past month |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
458 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
Received TANF during the past month |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
457 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
Received WIC during the past month |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-month follow-up |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
458 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.05 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
The statistical significance after the author's adjustment for multiple comparisons is reported. |
146
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average hours per week employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean = 14.80 | Adjusted mean = 15.10 | Mean difference = -0.30 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Average hours per week in any employment, education, or training activity | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean = 19.90 | Adjusted mean = 18.50 | Mean difference = 1.40 | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Average hours per week in education or training | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.50 | Adjusted mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Employed: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 33.80 | % = 36.10 | = -2.30 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 38.20 | % = 42.90 | = -4.70 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 46.90 | % = 50.10 | = -3.20 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 51.90 | % = 51.70 | = 0.20 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 57.70 | % = 58.90 | = -1.20 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 6th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 61.70 | % = 58.20 | = 3.50 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 7th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 57.50 | % = 55.00 | = 2.50 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 8th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 55.90 | % = 59.90 | = -4.00 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 47.30 | % = 48.40 | = -1.10 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 53.40 | % = 55.50 | = -2.10 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 62.30 | % = 62.90 | = -0.60 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 65.20 | % = 61.60 | = 3.60 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 69.60 | % = 67.90 | = 1.70 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 6th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 72.90 | % = 66.40 | = 6.50 | Study reported = -0.14 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 7th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 66.40 | % = 62.70 | = 3.70 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 8th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 65.20 | % = 66.60 | = -14.00 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 83.10 | % = 81.80 | = 1.30 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever employed or in education/training | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 90.50 | % = 88.90 | = 1.60 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever in education or training | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 53.10 | % = 45.50 | = 7.60 | Study reported = -0.15 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Ever received AFDC or TANF | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 55.20 | % = 52.50 | = 2.70 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever received food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | = 66.70 | = 65.40 | = 1.30 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever received welfare | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | = 72.90 | = 70.50 | = 2.40 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Have GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 8.50 | % = 11.50 | = 3.00 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Have high school diploma | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 49.10 | % = 45.70 | = 3.40 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 21.20 | % = 21.60 | = -0.40 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 25.10 | % = 22.90 | = 2.20 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 28.20 | % = 26.50 | = 1.70 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 27.10 | % = 22.50 | = 4.60 | Study reported = -0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 28.60 | % = 22.90 | = 5.70 | Study reported = -0.13 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| In education or training: 6th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 28.70 | % = 21.30 | = 7.40 | Study reported = -0.18 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| In education or training: 7th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 23.10 | % = 17.60 | = 5.50 | Study reported = -0.14 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| In education or training: 8th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 24.30 | % = 15.60 | = 8.70 | Study reported = -0.22 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Income above poverty line, (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 41.10 | Adjusted mean % = 40.80 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 42.20 | % = 29.40 | = 12.80 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 41.90 | % = 42.40 | = -0.50 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 46.20 | % = 43.90 | = 2.30 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 37.20 | % = 38.10 | = -0.90 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 36.00 | % = 37.80 | = -1.80 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 6th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 36.40 | % = 38.50 | = -2.10 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 7th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 27.40 | % = 32.10 | = -4.70 | Study reported = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 8th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 27.80 | % = 27.80 | = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total AFDC or TANF benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | = 2675.50 | = 2833.80 | = -158.30 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total food stamps benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2297.80 | Adjusted mean = 2152.50 | Mean difference = 145.30 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total welfare benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | Adjusted mean = 5928.60 | Adjusted mean = 6088.80 | Mean difference = -160.20 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
146
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health insurance coverage for the child, % (fixed effect random slope analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
535 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.01 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= 0.45 |
Health insurance coverage for the child, % (restricted maximum likelihood analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
535 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.01 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= 0.55 |
Health insurance coverage for the child, % (split-sample analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
535 children | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.49 |
Receiving education or training, % (fixed effect random slope analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
458 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.03 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= 0.47 |
Receiving education or training, % (restricted maximum likelihood analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
458 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.03 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= 0.51 |
Receiving education or training, % (split-sample analysis) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months old |
EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2014, United States, full sample |
458 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.80 |
Findings rated moderate
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever in ESL class | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 3.40 | % = 2.40 | = 1.00 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever in high school | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 12.60 | % = 6.80 | = 5.80 | Study reported = -0.20 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Ever in vocational program | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
28 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 941 mothers | % = 18.20 | % = 15.70 | = 2.50 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current participation in TANF, SNAP, general assistance, or SSI/SSA benefits |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Grade 5 |
EHS-HBO vs. comparison, 1996-1998, full sample |
746 families | Adjusted proportion = 0.46 | Adjusted proportion = 0.45 | Difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Mother's employment status |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Grade 5 |
EHS-HBO vs. comparison, 1996-1998, full sample |
681 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.90 | Adjusted mean = 1.90 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Mother's highest education level |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Grade 5 |
EHS-HBO vs. comparison, 1996-1998, full sample |
658 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.40 | Adjusted mean = 2.30 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average hours per week employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 12.70 | Adjusted mean = 13.80 | Mean difference = -1.10 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Average hours per week in any employment, education, or training activity | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 17.80 | Adjusted mean = 17.70 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Average hours per week in education or training | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.90 | Adjusted mean = 3.70 | Mean difference = 1.20 | Study reported = -0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Employed: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 36.00 | % = 39.20 | = -3.20 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 39.80 | % = 46.40 | = -6.60 | Study reported = 0.13 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Employed: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 46.80 | % = 51.00 | = -4.20 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 52.20 | % = 53.00 | = -0.80 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employed: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 57.10 | % = 60.80 | = -3.70 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 53.00 | % = 52.90 | = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 57.90 | % = 59.90 | = -2.00 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 62.50 | % = 59.90 | = -1.50 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 65.30 | % = 64.00 | = 1.90 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Employment, education, or training: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 69.30 | % = 63.40 | = -1.20 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 66.90 | % = 69.60 | = -2.70 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever employed or in education/training | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 79.20 | % = 80.20 | = -1.00 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever in ESL class (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 2.30 | % = 0.70 | = 1.60 | Study reported = -0.15 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Ever in education or training (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 45.50 | % = 39.60 | = 6.30 | Study reported = -0.12 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Ever in high school (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 11.50 | % = 6.20 | = 5.30 | Study reported = -0.18 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Ever in vocational program (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 12.70 | % = 8.50 | = -6.80 | Study reported = -0.15 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Ever received AFDC or TANF | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 54.10 | % = 52.60 | Not reported = -1.50 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever received food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 66.00 | % = 64.20 | = 1.80 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever received welfare | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 75.30 | % = 69.60 | = 2.70 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Have GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 8.20 | % = 9.00 | = -0.80 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Have high school diploma | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 46.50 | % = 45.90 | = 0.60 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 24.50 | % = 23.30 | = 1.20 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 28.90 | % = 24.60 | = 4.30 | Study reported = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 29.50 | % = 26.70 | = 2.80 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| In education or training: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 28.20 | % = 22.60 | = 5.60 | Study reported = -0.13 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| In education or training: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 30.50 | % = 23.60 | = 6.90 | Study reported = -0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Income above poverty line, (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean % = 30.50 | Adjusted mean % = 29.70 | Mean difference = 30.80 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 1st quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 43.20 | % = 40.40 | = 2.80 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 2nd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 42.60 | % = 43.00 | = -0.40 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 3rd quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 47.00 | % = 44.50 | = 2.50 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 4th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 39.20 | % = 39.50 | = -0.30 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Received AFDC or TANF: 5th quarter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | % = 37.80 | % = 38.80 | = -1.00 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total AFDC or TANF benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1967.80 | Adjusted mean = 1927.50 | Mean difference = 49.30 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total food stamps benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1435.80 | Adjusted mean = 1400.90 | Mean difference = 34.90 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Total welfare benefits ($) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
7 to 16 months after assignment | EHS-HBO impact study | 1059 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4141.40 | Adjusted mean = 3911.70 | Mean difference = 229.70 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |